The Function of a Social Contract - 1676 Words

What is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with the theory(s). The basic concept of a social contract is for members of society to enter into a voluntary contract, which allows society to go from a state of nature to a state of civilisation. What is meant by a state of nature is quite similar to how†¦show more content†¦Rousseau attempted to tackle this by the fact that for a society to be set up there is a need for unanimity and  ¡Ã‚ ¥the majority binds the rest ¡Ã‚ ¦. This concept can also be threatened by a corrupt government who can appear to be projecting the general will when they are just serving their own ends and benefits. John Rawls is regarded as one of the most important political philosophers of the twentieth century. His works included the theory of Justice and Justice as Fairness. He is particularly concerned with the concept of justice in a society. The question is raised on what would be regarded as a just society. Rawls basically stated that just was seen as fairness. Arguments are also raised on why there should b e a just society. This was tackled by the fact that there are many injustices in society and this needed to be remedied. There is however no example of a just society existent in the world today. Also if there is no existence of justice how can we know what injustice really is. It is important to remember that because of this that the concept is an ideal type. It can be used to measure existing societies against this ideal type. This also provides society with a goal and the will to move towards improvements. It is safe to say that it is a process not a product. Rawls theory was formulated after the other thinkers already mentioned. He tried to develop his theory with regards to them, as well as striking similarities to the Kantian view ofShow MoreRelatedEssay on What is the Function of a Social Contract?1637 Words   |  7 Pages What is the Function of a Social Contract? Philosophers have been concerned with the theories of a social contract for thousands of years. Plato mentions the concept in Crito and in Republic. These theories have stemmed from the concept of justice and for our society to be just. I will look at the works of Thomas Hobbes, John Locke, Jean Jacques Rousseau and finally with John Rawls after which a overall view into the function of a social contract can be derived as well as any problems with theRead MoreModern Liberalism and Political Policies1337 Words   |  6 PagesState of Nature. Their notions on the social contract reflect their position on the political spectrum. These three philosophers also examine the purpose and function of the government to individuals of the state. Modern liberalism is the philosophical standpoint for an increase in social progress. Jean Jacques Rousseau provides a compelling account of modern era liberalism through his advocation because of his notions on good government, his social contract, and his beliefs in complete freedom.Read MoreEssay on Role and Functions of Law960 Words   |  4 PagesRole and Functions of Law The law is a delicate yet malleable set of rules and principles that are formed to suite the needs of those deciding its purpose. The role of law for business and society is to provide set rules and procedures that fall within general functions which reflect the position of the people. In various types of governments the law is adjusted to suite the needs of the dictator, its citizens or its elected body as seen fit. In a republic, such as the United States of AmericaRead MoreJohn Locke: Founding Father of Modern Era Liberalism1444 Words   |  6 Pagesidentify which thinker’s theory reflected modern era liberalism the most. For this paper I will be arguing that, John Locke provides a more compelling framework of modern era liberalism because of his perception of the state of nature, the social contract and the function of government. Before explaining how Locke’s philosophy reflects modern liberalism, it is important to first understand the characteristics that make up modern liberalism. Modern era liberalism stresses the idea that individuals areRead MoreAnalysis Of Thomas Hobbes Leviathan1008 Words   |  5 Pagesare both negative and positive natures. People crave power and wealth by nature; but, if people are free to act on these desires, a state can never acquire the protection necessary for peace. Peace, is a positive nature that encourages social contracts. These contracts will inevitably be breached if a government enables its citizens to act on their negative desires. The most essential right of nature is that of self-preservation. Self-preservation, or the ability for one to survive, is the core ofRead MorePolitical Philosophy in the 17th Century947 Words   |  4 PagesLockes view was completely opposite of Hobbes. His view of man was that they were peaceful and happy by nature. What all three men did agree on was the need for a society; that people needed people. Locke felt it was human nature for people to be social with one another. Hobbes felt that uniting people as a group with leadership would be the best way to fix human nature. All three men knew there was a need for government. Hobbes felt a strong government would fix problems such as civil war dueRead MoreThe Law Of Obligation Is A Private Law1672 Words   |  7 Pagesheart of both Contract and Tort law, it is a pervasive phenomenon of our social life. Both Tort and Contract law protect the rights, and ‘that protection cannot be legitimately compromised to achieve the aim of just distributing’ . This proposition may be true in the late 19th century, in the present time, however, the law of obligation has been ‘built on the law of its predecessors, manipulating it so as to avoid its more inconvenient consequences and adapting it piecemeal to social and economicRead MorePower What Is Power Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesReferences: Fook, J.. (2003). Social work, Critical theory and practice. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage. (pp. 45- 55). This article focus on the definition of power what is power, examining the phenomenon of powerful and the powerless. This will help my essay in explaining that power is not owned, one can’t simply own power but it is rather given. Parada, H., Barnoff, L., Moffatt, K. M. Homan. (2011). Promoting Community Change: Making it happen in the real world. Toronto, ON: Nelson Education. (ppRead MoreDefinitions Of Offer, Acceptance, Legal Consideration, Capacity, And Legality Of A Contract1208 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction The purpose of a contract is to enforce the agreement that the parties have prepared and to define their privileges and tasks in accordance with that contract. The legislative should implement a legal contract as it is created, unless there are factors that impede its enforcement. It is the purpose for the declaration to advance the improvement of agreements between proficient gatherings for lawful bases .As a universal statute, contracts by able parties, justifiably prepared, are compellingRead MoreThe Pros And Cons Of Social Contract1004 Words   |  5 PagesSocial contract denotes that a government or sovereign body exists only to serve the will of the people because the people are the source of political power that is enjoyed by the entity. The people can choose to give or withdraw the power. Not all philosophers agree that the social contract creates rights and obligations; on the contrary, some believe that the social contract imposes restrictions that restrict a person†™s natural rights. Individuals who live within the society gain protection

The Tragedy Of The War On Terror - 2524 Words

Throughout the history of our great country we have had very tragic incidents happen, and things we wish we could forget and discard them from our history just like other certain nations. One of the many tragic historical events are assassinations of important political figures and pop icons. Or other events like 9/11 and the Columbine school massacre which drastically affected the future of our country. On 9/11 we were thrusted into the war on terror, and for Columbine we had to make gun control for a nation that is so hell bent on the second amendment that it’s still hard to get legislation through. As for assassinations, we look at people like Lincoln. This great man who did so much for this country yet had to die due to the outlook on slavery. Although when you really look at his death it was not as bad because the Civil War had already ended and we were on our way to reconstruct the South. But when you look at someone like JFK it is very drastic. At a time where tensions were rising with the threat of communism and the Civil Rights Movement and him being a young president who a lot of people resonated with, that it was such a huge hit on America at this influential point in time that made his death a tragedy. This really shaped the way Americans thought about their government, and whether what they tell us is the truth or a bag of lies or fact versus fiction. The assassination of one of the most Mandato 2 important political leaders of the twentieth centuryShow MoreRelatedA Day Of Tragedy And The War On Terror1993 Words   |  8 Pagesan Islamic act of â€Å"revenge† and this day will forever be known as a day of tragedy and the spark of a war on terror. Terrorism affects the lives of many, not only the immediate victims and their family, but the helpless people of that country or nation. When innocent people are harmed in the act of Islamic faith others begin to hate that religion when the Islamic faith is peaceful and holy, ones who commi t acts of terror with influence of the Koran are not followers of its teachings but followersRead MorePablo Picasso Guernic Importance Of The Work1439 Words   |  6 Pagessound mind who sees things in the environment and chose to articulate critical human issues using their creativity. Picasso; the artist, seemed to be bound by many challenges in his life, just like any other person. He was tortured by the brutal civil wars that were in his motherland (Spain). The political wrangles went overboard and transformed into brutal killings. The forces from the Republicans that were loyal to the ruling new government went embattled by the fascist coup that was organized by GeneralRead MoreEssay1181 Words   |  5 Pagesgovernment pounced on the opportunity to grow government under the false pretense of â€Å"security† through the Patriot Act and invasions of Iraq and Afghanistan. As a result, average working class American citizens are now forced to fund a perpetual War on Terror and hand over their private communication records to the federal government. In New York City, a section of office buildings stood along the Manhattan skyline for countless American companies and businesses. These buildings stood high and mightyRead MoreIn The ‘Business Of War,’ Roy Is Stating That The U.S.1047 Words   |  5 Pages In the ‘Business of War,’ Roy is stating that the U.S. government and other’s like it are purely economic in thought, and the root causes for the very terrorism that resulted in 9/11. She points out that similar and worse grief to 9/11 happens on a large-scale, with violations of human rights and wars happening as a result of the American and British forces in Iraq, who were actually an ally to Saddam Hussein until he decided to act of his own accord. She is directly stating here that America actuallyRead MoreWar On Terror Essay example1135 Words   |  5 Pagesour Armed Forces into a full on War on Terror spread out over different countries. Since that fateful morning in September, over 6,000 Am ericans have lost their lives fighting in multiple theaters in support of the War on Terror. Many people have been personally hit by tragedy resulting from the War on Terror. People have lost their sons, their daughters, friends, and parents as the war creeps on. The United States needs to rescind its involvement in the War on Terror, which has claimed the lives ofRead MoreOppression of Middle Eastern People in America862 Words   |  3 PagesAmericans deals with wars and suicide bombings, it creates a view that people from the Middle East are actually dangerous and have ideas that threaten Americans. In reality, those are the talked about topics because they are flashy and make people want to read about it. Firstly, I’ll be using the cause and effect mode development to define how this prejudice came to be. Specific events that I’ll go over briefly are the main cause that made this effect of oppression begin. The wars in both Iraq and AfghanistanRead MoreAnalysis Of Siegfried Sassoon s They And Men 1129 Words   |  5 PagesThematic- Unit 3 Throughout History, a major tragedy caused the world to become chaotic, which lead to millions of brave individuals to lose their life. This horrific tragedy, World War 1 (the Great War), was the beginning of a long terrible journey. Many strong and mighty men volunteered to join the War with the persuasion of being â€Å"Hero’s†. These men did not realize the terror they would face when walking into this journey. Many soldiers was faced with seeing their fellow soldiers cold-bloodRead MoreThe Tragedy Of World War II By Siegfried Sassoon1130 Words   |  5 Pagesthroughout History, a major tragedy caused the world to become chaotic, which lead to millions of brave individuals to lose their life. This horrific tragedy, World War 1 (the Great War), was the beginning of a long terrible journey. Many strong and mighty men volunteered to join the War with the persuasion of being â€Å"Hero’s†. These men did not realize the terror they would face when walkin g into this journey. Many soldiers were faced with seeing their fellow soldiers cold-blood drip from theirRead MoreEssay on Goya: Truth and War1133 Words   |  5 Pages nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; GOYA: Truth and War On May 2nd 1808 the people of Madrid revolted against the French troops occupying their city. The following day the French retaliated. In the remembrance of this event Francisco de Goya painted The Third of May. The horrific scene takes place at night on a deserted hillside. The feeling of horror is conveyed by theRead MoreCharacter Analysis Of Stop The Sun By Gary Paulsen707 Words   |  3 Pagesâ€Å"Bang† the gunshot echoes off bodys like wind chimes, the bullet pierces the target and the war starts. In the short story stop the sun by Gary Paulsen, a man lives through a terror filled night and has to live his life with that tragedy in his head. Fear can be controlled by hope, but if you have no hope then there will only be fear. Gary Paulsen focused on multiple craft moves: simile, flashback and hyperbole. Multiple craft moves help visualize the story. The main character is Terry and the

Jim Cullen s The American Dream - 965 Words

What is the American Dream? Some describe the American Dream as a two parent family with two kids and a dog living in a home with a white picket fence. Others declare having millions of dollars and a beach home is the ultimate goal. So, what exactly is the American Dream? In the Conservative conference speech â€Å"We Will Be a City upon a Hill†, Ronald Reagan demanded that traditional values defined the American Dream while President Obama argued equality was quintessential. In both presidential speeches, they each discussed two vastly drastic interpretations of the American Dream however, their speeches both themed constructs seen in Jim Cullen’s book to support their arguments. Jim Cullen, author of The American Dream: A Short History of an Idea That Shaped a Nation, made an argument that there is no concise definition of the American Dream. He argued the nation s transition over the centuries have modified Americans’ aspirations in life. Additionally, he cat egorized the American Dream into six specific versions— Good Life, I, II, III, Freedom/ Independence, Equality, and Home/Land ownership— gave notion that those all versions composed the American Dream. In President Reagan’s 1974 speech, he disputed that a shift in American goals has occurred as America has grown (Reagan). One construct referenced throughout the entire speech is what Cullen called the Good Life I. In Reagan s speech, he defined it as the Puritan Dream based on fundamental ideas of discipline andShow MoreRelatedJim Cullen And The American Dream2081 Words   |  9 Pages The American Dream, as defined by Cullen, is starting your goal off with a little and ending with more; it s like a business, you invest in it in order to gain more money. Usually, people will define the American Dream as being able to achieve your goal because everyone is offered opportunities. Cullen does acknowledge that people are born with different opportunities, so he talks about the good life. The good life describes different factors that determine your opportunities. Throughout the otherRead MoreAmerican Dream Obstacles Essay1092 Words   |  5 PagesAccessibility to the Dream In America, the american dream is interpreted in millions of different ways. One American citizen dreams for millions while another hopes for contentment and a family in the future. Though its rarity is observed, every american is given an opportunity to achieve the american dream if they are devoted to doing so. The american dream is very much alive and could be awfully easy to attain. Saying that obstacles are not present when attempting to achieve the dream is absolutelyRead MoreWhite Supremacy And The Jim Crow Laws1369 Words   |  6 PagesWhite supremacy and the Jim Crow laws of the south continued the bondage and did not bring the Promised Land they envisioned. In 1890, white supremacy in the south where ninety percent of African Americans lived until the Great Migration north that gave way to the Harlem Renaissance. Which was a movement in the 1920 s and 1930 s that opened the discussion on a minority in America. This movement gave a voice to civilians who were slaves sixty years earlier. Even though the Harlem Renaissance wasRead MoreThe Harlem Renaissance : African American Culture758 Words   |  4 PagesThe Harlem Renaissance: African American Culture The Harlem Renaissance was an era where African American culture flourished. African American music, art, theatre, literature, food, fashion, and creativity dominated in the 1920’s. It was a movement to redefine what being â€Å"black† meant to destroy the stereotypes of that society has affiliated with being a negro. At this time, African American artists used their talents to take advantage of this opportunity to make a better life for themselves, whileRead MoreThe American Dream By Jim Cullen1265 Words   |  6 PagesInterpreted in multiple ways and forms, a quintessential aspiration has been the blueprint for Americans when engaging in perfection in politics, economics, and society. This â€Å"American Dream†, depicted by Jim Cullen, is a Puritan-inspired strive for opportunity presenting itself as an universal standard that constitutes to ultimate success. The reality of this Dream is a flawed repetition of a continuous pursuit of happiness, where one bleeds and sacrifices to be â€Å"happy†, and the constant modificationRead MoreDeath Of A Salesman By Arthur Miller1110 Words   |  5 Pagesidentity with pursuing the American Dream. Through Willy Loman’s dreamlike mind, Miller shows how denial casts blindness to the reality of his life, family, and loss of identity. Thus, this play shows how social achievement and economic success affects the truly imp ortant aspects of life; family and love. Miller reflects the theme of the American Dream by showing the ongoing dreams of success and greatness Willy Lowman wanted so much for his family. â€Å"The American Dream is defined as, the belief inRead MoreWhat Was The Overall Impact Of The Harlem Renaissance1110 Words   |  5 Pagesthe end of the Harlem Renaissance? The financial support of African Americans by rich whites came to end after the Wall Street Crash. 22. Who is the author of Their Eyes Were Watching God and when was it published? The author of Their Eyes Was Watching God is Zora Neal Hurston and was published in 1973. 23. What was the overall impact of the Harlem Renaissance? The Harlem Renaissance help to how American view African American and their culture. The integration of black and white cultures duringRead MoreThe Roaring Twenties3168 Words   |  13 PagesThe dawning of the 1920’s in America left a need in the citizens’ hearts to return to a state of normalcy after the devastating effects of the Great War. However, the new era of isolationism spawned a cultural revolution that can only be described as anything but â€Å"normal†. Heavy losses over seas left Americans turned off to problems occurring outside of United States borders. As the citizens’ averted their eyes from the problems of the world, they were left to focus their attention of forming theRead MorePoverty and the American Dream4620 Words   |  19 Pagesâ€Å"The American Dream† as defined by James Truslow Adams in 1931 is a national ethos of the United States in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward soci al mobility achieved through hard work. Truslow states life should be worse and poorer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of IndependenceRead More Writers of the Harlem Renaissance Essay2535 Words   |  11 PagesWriters of the Harlem Renaissance During the 1920?s, a ?flowering of creativity,? as many have called it, began to sweep the nation. The movement, now known as ?The Harlem Renaissance,? caught like wildfire. Harlem, a part of Manhattan in New York City, became a hugely successful showcase for African American talent. Starting with black literature, the Harlem Renaissance quickly grew to incredible proportions. W.E.B. Du Bois, Claude McKay, and Langston Hughes, along with many other

Childhood Childhood On The Homestead - 1698 Words

Many things could be said about childhood on the homestead seeing as it was cut short in eighteen eighty-three. Notwithstanding, the children who survived childbirth was more often than not settled into a life of risk. During this time era, children were at constant risk of illness and disease. With this in mind, as chores came into play, an abundance of risks came into existence. As a result, children often became the victim of infection if the wounds were not properly cleaned. In the end, a risk was like a person’s life long companion. In spite of all of the risks and danger, it was the life they lived. Albeit, there was one way for a child to escape their chores and parents’ rules. In other words, a sanctuary of sorts. What is it? Well,†¦show more content†¦They were to make sure that every student understood the content that they were teaching. Whereas, on the homestead, the teacher had fewer students and could teach individually if need be. That in itself is a rarity that is barely found in today’s school system. Be that as it may, the teacher often had activities to deter their students’ boredom. These activities often consisted of learning the guitar to playing games. Schools on the homestead started in the late eighteenth century, each consisting of only one room. The setup of the schoolhouses was rather unadorned in construction and often unembellished. As a result of more school houses being in rural and secluded most did not have water or sanitation. Due to this, wells were converted to toilets and snow from winter was melted into water. When these were not options, teachers often relied on nearby homesteads to provide water. During this time, teachers had often lived in the schoolhouse in a separate section or lived with a family in one of the homesteads. The typical school day for a child in the eighteenth century totaled a seven-hour time period. Starting from nine in the morning to four in the afternoon, students were required to be in the school building as mandated by the law. A multitude of the parents refused to permit their children to attend school. Preferring them to continue working on the land given to the family, even if it went against the law.Show MoreRelatedThe Collapse Of Andrew Carnegie1225 Words   |  5 Pagesyounger, starting his steel business which provided the world an important resource for the development of industry, taking advantage of workers to maximize profit, and devoting his later life to philanthropy. Carnegie was very poor during his childhood, and this will cause him to try a variety of jobs that inevitably led to his steel empire. â€Å"Andrew Carnegie was born November 25, 1835 in Dunfermline, Scotland. His father, William Carnegie, a prosperous handloom weaver at the time of Andrew’sRead MoreThe Life of Steve Jobs1452 Words   |  6 PagesJoanne Carole. His biological parents’ family objected to his birth, so later he was adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs. Since his childhood, Jobs was interested in electronics and technologies because his father worked as a mechanic. He kept Jobs busy rebuilding electronics. Later, Jobs and his family moved to Mountain View, California to attend school. He attended Homestead High School in Cupertino, California. Steve Jobs was never interested in studies and dropped out from the school (â€Å"Steve Jobs†)Read MoreHow Miss Tiaira Is Doing Very Well855 Words   |  4 Pagesthe same spirit and health as we move throughout the days of 2016, and beyond, living this great thing we call†¦Life! Miss Tiaira is doing very well. A 2015 graduate from the college of St Rose, with a dual bachelors degree in Special Ed and Early Childhood Education that includes a dual minor in English and Health Science. Way to go T! It has been a long road, five years in the making, but the light shines brightly on this well traveled road of hers. We are very proud of her accomplishments. SheRead MoreRobert And Bessie Brown : Civic Minded Residents Of Bradley, South Dakota Essay1704 Words   |  7 Pages Robert and Bessie’s children came of age, married, and moved to other states in the years immediately preceding, during, and shortly following World War II. This generation, after growing up during the Great Depression, looked beyond their childhood locale for economic security, a goal facilitated by the war and the post-war prosperity. With their children scattered throughout the country, Robert and Bessie’s lives broadened beyond the Bradley area. This was especially true for Bessie, whoRead MoreA Streetcar Named Desire By Blanche Dubois1026 Words   |  5 Pagesstreetcar Named Desire† it centers on a women named Blanche Dubois. She travels from the railroad in New Orleans to a street formally known as Elysian Fields, where she meets her pregnant sister Stella and her husband Stanly Kowalski. Having lost her homestead, husband and fortification, Blanche turns to her only close relative for support. Reaching middle age, Blanche emotionally is unhinged and is in financial crises with the loss of her southern bell life. After explaining the bad news of the lossRead MoreThe Progressive Er An Age Of Ambition And Brutal Competition1007 Words   |  5 Pagesstraw into gold. Yet, what they really did was get other people to turn the straw into gold and take all the credit, and more importantly the money. During oppression many employees felt they had to make violent retaliations which resulted in the Homestead Act, Muckrakers, Ida Tarbell the Anti-Trust Act and many other unions, all with good reason. 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Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy Free Essays

string(45) " strategy that Connelly and Smith \(2002, p\." The successful development of EU international environmental policy has been the subject of much recent study within various disciplines. One promising theory for cross-disciplinary researches of EU environmental policy invokes the concept of international regime. Regime theory might expect to explain a great deal about the development of EU environmental policy in global environmental affairs. We will write a custom essay sample on Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy? or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is insightful to consider the EU environmental policy as a regime given that the regime definition most frequently cited is so broad as to certainly include the EU where ‘norms, rules and decision-making procedures in a given area of international relations’ (Krasner, 1983, p. 2) are said to be in existence. This sort of theory would enable one to consider the connections between the institutions of the EU and the member states. It may explain the inter-state relationship that lies behind the formation and development of EU international environmental policy. Te positions the EU projects in international affairs are evidently themselves the product of interest mediation and agreed bargaining directed by institutions. This paper will consider the work of both international relations (IR) and international law (IL) scholars to evaluate regime theory as instrument of EU environmental policy, using ozone layer depletion case study as specific example. Main Body International Regime Theory Although international regimes were used much earlier by IL as a means of giving an account of legal regulation in unregulated areas (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 190), the regime theory has gained significance originally within the discipline of IR. The regime theory was developed to explain stability in the international system despite the absence or decline of domination (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 202). It is only in the 1990th that regime theory has again become the focal point of legal scholars searching for ways to stimulate international cooperation (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 10). This requires the organization into a unified pattern of the disciplines of IR and IL, the relationships between them having been one of mutual neglect, as explained by Hurrell and Kingsbury: Regime theorists have tended to neglect the particular status of legal rules, to downplay the links between specific sets of rules and the broader structure of the international legal system, and to underrate the complexity and variety of legal rules, processes, and procedures. On the other hand, theoretical accounts of international . . . law have often paid rather little explicit attention to the political bargaining processes that underpin the emergence of new norms of international . . . law, to the role of power and interest in inter-state negotiations, and to the range of political factors that explain whether states will or will not comply with rules. (1992, p. 12) There is no absolute agreement on what precisely forms an international regime. Goldie, in one of his works in this area, described regimes as: (1) the acceptance, amongst a group of States, of a community of laws and of legal ideas; (2) the mutual respect and recognition accorded by certain States to the unilateral policies of others acting in substantial conformity with their own, enmeshing all the States concerned in a regime with respect to those policies; (3) a common loyalty, among a group of States, to the principle of abstention regarding a common resource. 1962, p. 698) Thomas Gehring (1990) presents a more integrated work in this area, in particular as it better addresses the role of IL in international regime theory. He identifies international regimes as the regulations, developed within the context of a consultation of parties to the regime, governing a specific area of IR. Within this structure, IL is the search for unanimity and agreement on the priorities and plans for international action. Once these are made clear, norms will develop as to how to carry out these priorities and plans, resulting in accepted norms or â€Å"shared expectations† concerning the behaviour of states (Gehring, 1990, p. 37). Certainly, this progress from priority setting to norm gradual development takes time, but it is the regime structure that allows for the process to take place at all. Thus, regimes create the building blocks for the development of norms and rules. Development of EU Environmental Policy and Regime Theory. The influence of EU within environmental affairs cannot be disregarded as the environment in general has to a great extent become a matter of international concern. Of the many international organisations and specialised bodies dealing with environmental issues, the one mostly associated with such work is the European Union. Among other bodies and specialized agencies, the EU is most closely involved in environmental affairs. Regime theory is the most commonly employed theoretical paradigm in the study of EU international environmental politics. The study of the EU focuses upon how the EU affects the prospects of regime-building and how it may create the path of international cooperation. By signing up to agreements on behalf of its member states, the EU increases the scope of a regime by increasing the obligations of states that may in a different way have adopted lower standards. The EU pulls states into commitments. Often, however, the ‘convoy’ analogy (Bretherton and Vogler 1997, p. 22) more precisely describes the process, whereby action is delayed by the slowest part of the train. This effect is seen during the ozone negotiations. Despite the attempts of Denmark and Germany to push things forward, the precluding tactics of France and the UK were able to ensure that on many occasions the EU was ‘condemned to immobility’ (Jachtenfuchs, 1990, p. 265). Yet, by coordinating the position of (currently) 27 member nations in environmental negotiations, the Commission makes smaller the complexity of negotiations and decreases pressures upon international organisations to perform that function. Approaches informed by regime theory would also help to see the leadership role of the EU as an effort to originate cooperation conditional on the involvement of other parties. Hence the statement of a greenhouse gas decrease target as early as 1990 was planned as a first move in the ‘nice, reciprocate, retaliate’ strategy that Connelly and Smith (2002, p. You read "Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy?" in category "Papers" 269 indicated is the necessary to cooperation. Paterson (1996, p. 105) notes, for example, that â€Å"The announcement of the EU target in October 1990 was explicitly designed to influence the outcome of the Second World Climate Conference and to precipitate international negotiations†. Usually, however, IR perspectives tend to overlook the significance of intra-country dynamics to the creation of positions in international agreements. This factor severely restricts their applicability to EU decision-making development. In spite of that, in the ozone case it could be argued a combination of ‘domestic’ and international pressures best explain the role of the EU in creating and supporting the regime in question. The EU is as one unit in this case. The four relationships are: one between member states and the EU; between the EU organisations in their internal power efforts; among the boards of directors and eventually between the various boards of directors and interest groups (Matlary, 1997, p. 146). With the EU environmental policy one clearly has a regime within a regime. Models of multi-level governance used to explain the policy development within Europe may be extended to include the international dimension. Viewed from this perspective, EU international environmental negotiations become a site of debate between transnational networks of environment departments from government and regional economic institutions working together with NGOs and sympathetic international organisations (such as UNEP), set against networks including Trade and Industry departments, business lobbies and international organisations which promote the interests of industry (such as UNIDO ( United Nations Industrial Development Organisation)) (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 36). The interconnected groups operate horizontally and vertically and across national, regional and international levels including state and non-state players alike in strategic unions established on particular issues. Cooperation in Environmental Problems Collaboration is represented by the game, wherein each state follows a dominant strategy that leads to suboptimal payoffs for both. Regime theory presents the EU primarily as a tool. The EU deliberately seeks to change the system, design strategies to do so, and attempts to implement the strategies. To assess the development of EU environmental policy in environmental cooperation, then, two potential roles of the EU must be examined: the EU as tool and the EU as independent advocate. The EU helps states overcome the complexity of issues to arrive at coordination equilibrium. States usually remain concerned that others will exploit them, and the EU is needed to increase confidence in compliance. As independent actor, the EU is expected to play a significant role in environmental cooperation. Increased autonomy of the EU on some environmental issues and the increased needs of states to rely on them for collaboration and coordination allow those organizations with unified leadership and significant resources to have independent effects. Ozone: The First Global Challenge The development of the regime intended to limit the release into the atmosphere of ozone-depleting chemicals is in many ways a case of EU-US relations. The key turning points in the development of the process of negotiating from a framework convention at Vienna through to legally imposing an obligation protocol commitments at Montreal, London and Copenhagen reflect changes in the negotiating position of the EU and the US (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 230). The development of ozone polices can be traced back to 1977. The ‘can ban’ established in the US put the US in conditions to push for a global ban on CFCs. Process of negotiating moved very gradually at first against strong European opposition to cuts in CFCs, despite a Council resolution in March 1980 restricting the use of CFCs, reacting to American pressure and increasing public concern over the ozone problems. The supporters of controls (the US, Canada, the Nordic states, Austria and Switzerland), met together in 1984 to create the ‘ Toronto group’. The EU initially indicated that no controls were necessary. However, eventually it admitted that a production capacity cap may be required and presented a draft protocol that included their 1980 measures. The offered 30 per cent reduction was without difficulty achievable because use was already declining (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 200) and in essence served to fix the status quo (Jachtenfuchs, 1990). The deadlock that resulted between the EU and the Toronto group made certain that only a framework convention could be made at Vienna. This promised intercommunion in research and monitoring and promotion of information-sharing. At the March 1986 assemblyof the EU Council of Ministers, the EU took a position of a 20 per cent CFC production cut. This was partly impelled by the threat of unilateral action by the US to impose trade sanctions against the EU (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 261). The Montreal Protocol later agreed in September 1987 required cuts of 50 per cent from 1986 levels of production and use of the five principal CFCs by 1999. The figure of a 50 per cent cut was established as a settlement of a dispute by concessions on both sides between the EU’s proposed freeze and the US’s proposal for a 95 per cent cut. The Protocol contained an interval for the implementation of the Protocol by less developed countries, restrictive measures on trade with non-members and an ozone fund for technology transport. This latter element of the agreement is especially important for the EU for, as Jachtenfuchs (1990, p. 272) states, ‘The success of the EU’s environmental diplomacy in this important field will to a large extent depend on how far it is able to provide technical and financial assistance to developing countries’. As a regional economic integration organisation, the EU was granted permission to meet consumption limits together rather than country by country. This was planned to assure some transfers of national CFC production quotas among EU member-states in order to allow commercial producers in Europe to improve production processes cost-effectively. Despite this concession, some European members in the Protocol process believed that they were ‘bullied’ into an agreement favourable to US industry, dubbing the Montreal agreement ‘The DuPont Protocol’ (Parsons, 1993, p. 61). In spite of that, on 14 October 1988 the Council adopted a law, transforming every aspect of the Protocol into EU legislation. The law came into force instantly in order to emphasise the importance of the issue and to prevent trade distortions which might emerge from non-simultaneous use of the new legislation (Connelly and Smith 2002, p. 269). At the March assembly of the EU Environment Council which took place in 1989, the UK after a long delay joined the rest of the EU in agreeing to phase-out all CFCs ‘as soon as possible but not later than 2000’ (Parsons, 1993, p. 47). At the same time France submitted to external pressure to drop its uncompromising position. The London assembly of the members in June 1990 was consequently able to agree that all entirely halogenated CFCs would be phased-out by the year 2000, with successive lessening of 85 per cent in 1997 and 50 per cent in 1995. Some member states have gone beyond the restrictions stated in the international agreements, however. Germany, for instance, has passed legislation stating that CFCs be removed by 1993, halons by 1996, HCFC 22 by 2000 and CT (carbon tetrachloride) and MC (methyl chloroform) by 1992 (Parsons, 1993). On another hand, behind the diplomacy of the negotiations between the states, the case is in a fundamental way one of the competing positions of the chemical companies, chiefly, ICI (in the UK), Du Pont (in the US) and Atochem (in France). Industry agents served formally on European national delegations through the whole of the process. EU industrialists ‘believed that American companies had endorsed CFC controls in order to enter the profitable EU export markets with substitute products that they had secretly developed’ (Benedick, 1991, p. 23). The EU followed the industry line and reflected the views of France, Italy and the United Kingdom in its policy. The significance of these commercial considerations is easily noticed in the persistent efforts to define cuts in HFCs and HCFCs (perceived to be the best alternative to CFCs). The EU has found it problematic to come to an agreeable position on reducing the production and consumption of these chemicals because substitu te chemicals were not yet easily available. Indecision could also be explained by the fact that some European producers wanted to establish export markets for HCFCs in the less developed ‘south’. The differing commercial interests regarding the ozone issue presented the difficulty the EU faced in its effort to formulate common policy positions in international environmental process of negotiating. This case demonstrates that ozone depletion was one of the first global environmental issues to create a coordinated and consentient international response. Despite remaining weakness in the ozone regime it is regarded to be one of the few tangible successes of EU international environmental policy taking into account that governments took action before certain proof of environmental disaster had occurred. The EU has explicit rules, agreed upon by governments, and provides a framework for the facilitation of ongoing negotiations for the development of rules of law. Regime theory regards EU international environmental policy as a means by which states solve collective environment problems. Regime theory, as well as most current studies of cooperation in international politics, treats the EU as means to an end – as intermediate variables between states’ interests and international cooperation. The EU is an independent actor which plays an independent role in changing states’ interests – and especially in promoting cooperation. Conclusion The consideration in this paper of the ozone depletion regimes reveals that there is prospect for development in the international legal order. The picture that emerges of EU international environmental policy and politics is a complex and relating to the study of several subject disciplines. It should be noted that there is none predominant theoretical perspectives in international environmental politics adequate to explain this rich complexity. Given the complex reality of environmental cooperation between states and the context within which it develops, explaining policy processes and developments by a single theoretical perspective is an uncertain prospect. Still better understanding of the developments of EU environmental policy in these processes may be fostered by relying on a regime theory. How to cite Which theory best explains the development of EU environmental policy?, Papers

Araby Literary Critique free essay sample

Araby, by James Joyce, is a story about an unnamed narrator who becomes infatuated with his friend, Mangan’s, sister, but does not have the courage, nor the will power to pursue his affections. After observing her in the gloomy streets of Dublin for some time, an opportunity finally presents itself as Mangan’s sister initiates conversation with the narrator, altering the narrator’s otherwise repetitive and simple life. â€Å"I had never spoken to her, except for a few casual words, and yet her name was like a summons to all my foolish blood† (Joyce).Mangan’s sister asks the narrator if he is going to Araby, a Dublin bazaar which she cannot attend due to a prior school commitment. Shocked and confused, the narrator offers to bring her something from the bazar, a conversation which launches him into a period of intense anticipation and eagerness to go. â€Å"I did not know whether I would ever speak to her or not or, if I spoke to her, how I could tell her of my confused adoration† (Joyce). We will write a custom essay sample on Araby Literary Critique or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He is unable to concentrate in school, finding the work tedious; his thoughts are consumed by Mangan’s sister. The morning of the departure for the bazaar, the narrator reminds his uncle to return home early with the train fare, yet his uncle keeps the narrator waiting in constant anticipation and eagerness. It is not until much later that the uncle returns home with the train fare, insouciant about forgetting the narrator’s plans. After a lonely train ride, he arrives at the bazaar to find the shops closing for the night. I lingered before her stall, though I knew my stay was useless† (Joyce). The narrator begins to contemplate why he is there and becomes upset as he makes discoveries about himself. â€Å"Gazing up into the darkness I saw myself as a creature driven and derided by vanity; and my eyes burned with anguish and anger† (Joyce). In Araby, Joyce is able to show contrast between the familiarity and routine of everyday and the allure of the excitement of new love by his use of language, symbolism and metaphor.The attention to detail which Joyce took allows the reader to experience the mundane environment and adds a feeling of melancholy to the story. â€Å"When we met in the street the houses had grown sombre† (Joyce). As seen in the previous quotation, the description of the environment portrays a dull town and a repetitive, tedious life. â€Å"I wished to annihilate the tedious intervening days† (Joyce). Furthermore, the story references the late priest which had lived in the house previously to the narrator, giving the story a dark, empathetic feeling.Joyce also used symbolism to help the reader interpret the meaning of the piece. The bazaar was symbolic of the adventure and change to an otherwise routine lifestyle, just as Magnan’s sister was symbolic of the narrator’s navigation from childhood to adulthood, representing desire as well as freedom. Joyce also used metaphor to give the story depth, comparing the mindless actions of child play with the narrator’s need for liberation by creating a hierarchy between teacher and student. I watched my master’s face pass from amiability to sternness; he hoped I was not beginning to idle. I could not call my wandering thoughts together. I had hardly any patience with the serious work of life which, now that it stood between me and my desire, seemed to me child’s play, ugly monotonous child’s play† (Joyce). The story seems anonymous as neither the narrator nor Magnan’s sister is ever named, suggesting that there is no room for love or variation in an otherwise tedious, routine life.Through frustration, Joyce conceives the thought that all people experience an infuriating desire for love and adventure, regardless of its plausibility or attainability. Joyce succeeds in relaying the theme of his work as he tells the tragic story in a suspenseful manner, using literary devices and attention to detail to give the story depth. The narrator has evolved from immaturity to the beginnings of adulthood, along with the discovery of his disappointin g reality.

Counselling Theories

Question: Discuss about the Counselling Theories. Answer This assignment deals with the case study of a person named Peter. He is a single male having an age of 40 years and he is recently facing various types of interpersonal conflicts in both at home and also in workplace. It was reported that he is consulting several professionals of mental health care so that he can achieve respite from the present condition he is going through. However, all the interventions and efforts made by him were gone in vain. In present condition it is advised to him that he should refer to the psychoanalytic therapy so that he can resolve his mental conflicts and issues. Furthermore the benefits that can be achieved from this therapy along with the other modalities that helps to overcome the limitation of the psychoanalytic therapy will be explained in a elaborate manner. As the live today is very fast there is a necessity of the adoption and implementation of various types of psychotherapeutic approaches. The main aim of these psychotherapeutic approaches is to address the issues that are prevalent in different social context and the vital mental disorders by the process of effective counseling. Taking this process in consideration psychotherapy can be mentioned as the process to heal the person by providing the effective and constructive ways to fight the different issues that prepare the well being and mental health of a person. The psychotherapy can be advised to an individual in the situation when that individual is endowed with a mental distress, suffering and pain as the output of different life threatening events and changes. The limitation related to time of the target of the psychotherapy towards the accomplishments of the particular goals within a definite time frame. The opinions and the self belief of an individual undergo huge alteration and modification as a consequence to the psychotherapeutic sessions. The general types of psychotherapy include a range of approaches that encompasses several cognitive therapy, behavior therapy, dialectical activities therapy, psychoanalytic therapy, interpersonal therapy, group therapy and family therapy. The promotion of the healthier, happier and more productive lives is the main objective of the psychotherapy and the essential criteria for the effective approach of psychotherapy is the solving of the problem with respect to the orientation of the main goal. The Psychologists are very much used to the application of the different scientifically validated procedures to help out the persons who are distressed and who need this type of assistance (Drescher, 2014). One type of the psychotherapeutic approach is psychoanalytic therapy which deals with the unconscious mind of an individual and this unconscious mind influences the attitudes and the thoughts of a person. This therapy also targets to contribute towards giving an offer of insight and solution to different problems of a person who is in need of therapeutic intervention. The speculations proposed by Sigmund Freud oversee the psychoanalytic treatment and the treatment strategies are conceived as needs be. The early youth encounters are regularly seen as potential variables that influence the individual's life procedures or effect the late results. Contingent on the gravity of circumstances of the influenced singular, this type of treatment may proceed for longer length. It cultivates profound established adjustments in identity notwithstanding encouraging enthusiastic advancement. The procedure relating to psychotherapeutic treatment for the most part waits from weeks, months or even yea rs. As indicated by Freud, the oblivious personality constitutes the store of musings, longings, and recollections that remaining parts torpid underneath the heart or mindfulness. The treatment depends on specific suppositions that cover the urgent parts of the psyche and awareness. The hypotheses incorporate that the mental issues radiate from the oblivious personalities, the manifestations that are showed emerge from the covered up or inactive unsettling influences, reasons basic the mental desolation emerge from the uncertain issues that are gotten from stifled injury circumstances or in course of the formative years. Advance the treatment tries to convey to the bleeding edge the subdued clashes that are equipped for being handled by the individual in this way calling for changes at an all the more profound level. The part of the specialist as far as settling on reasonable decisions and down to earth choices is crucial to comprehension the adequacy of the psychoanalytic treatment . The understanding and asset use of the advisor guarantee the safe and non-judgmental examination of the patient in this way permitting speedier rates of recuperation. Location of the reasons for concerns is for the most part intervened by means of strategies connected to free affiliation, helpful transference and elucidation (Peterfreund, 2016). In the given contextual analysis in connection to Peter's circumstance, specialist may attempt on a psychotherapeutic way to deal with alleviate his psychological well-being and interpersonal clashes issues that have been irritating him since a significant long time and hampering his life both at work and at home. Contemplations of the episodes and encounters from both the over a wide span of time situations may give fitting solutions for particular mental upsets that frustrate the standard talk of a man. The fast and arrangement centered methodologies of the psychoanalytic treatment calls for successful and groundbreaking changes in the people in need and thus Peter might be emphatically profited out of the utilization of the treatment. The relationship of the advisor with the customer is an imperative component that decides the accomplishment of the method connected to treat the mental pain in the concerned individual. The individual's inclinations in conjunction with the seriousne ss of the side effects of the customer as assessed by the advisor will guarantee the viability of the treatment used in course of the treatment intercession. Outperforming one's self and digging further into the inward being is the substance of the treatment and a course of discontinuous strides at last prepares for an all encompassing method of remedial methodology (Hall, 2013). The means in the psychoanalytic treatment that may be followed with regards to Peter keeping in mind the end goal to address his psychological wellness issues is for the most part distinct into three principle stages, for example, the initial stage, the transference stage and the consolidation stage. The transference stage ordinarily constitutes two different strides of the transference organize and the union stage. In the initial stage, the advisor is required to know about the issues and unsettling influences of the customer and survey the believability of the psychoanalytic treatment under such conditions. At this stage just, the advisor settles on the directing standard, common commitments and the ensuing stages and at the appropriate time gains data connected to the causes and manifestations of the concerned patient. The initial stage involve connecting with the patient keeping in mind the end goal to get a thought of his challenges. In this period of divulgence the specialist t ries to recognize the main driver of the issues that record for certain particular manifestations in the patient. Engagement of the customers into compelling discussion in order to obtain crucial data with respect to the elements those are in charge of bringing on botheration by method for applying different verbal and non-verbal prompts. In the accompanying phase of transference, the customer will in the long run open up his or her sentiments to the going to advocate and share their individual affections for specific individual or thing from adolescence or past experiences that would render the specialist with a careful comprehension of the customer's needs and feelings. The reaction of the customer to the transference stage and his ensuing presentation of resistance contain the pith of the center phase of psychoanalytic treatment supporting the powerless relationship between the customer and the advisor at this crossroads. The advisor attempts cognizant endeavors to comprehend the issues that foil the customers and address them likewise. The past thinking design about the patient is thoroughly analyzed with the present intuition design by the specialist at this phase since all the twisted perspectives, fears and sentiments of the patients get to be distinctly conspicuous along these lines making it less demanding for the advisor to extemporize appropriate treatment methodology. At long last toward the end of this stage, the patient turns out to be well equipped for settling on more shrewd decisions in life in light of powerful tending to of their past mutilated perspectives influencing their basic leadership in life. Facilitate in the following phase of union, with the guide of data got from the advising sessions, the specialist would take part in clarifying and demonstrating the relations between the contentions of the internal oblivious or successive yearnings and the ailment. The acknowledgment and understanding with respect to the customer in regards to the particular sickness will be done in this phase too. The conceivable obstacles and hindrances that emerge in these circumstances for the most part have positive advantages to the treatment of the customer. At last at the determination arrange, present data recovery related on the oblivious clashes or goals of the customer, the advisor will finish up on the ideal opportunity for the end of the treatment. A characterizing highlight of this stage is the redundancies of the transference. Along these lines the advisor ought to show the resulting issues to the customer with legitimate and expound clarifications in order to habituate the customer with the ground reality circumstances. At last, as the customer is found of communicating his or her sentiments and feelings and in addition the related issues tastefully and autonomously, the treatment might be finished. Every one of the phases of treatment as examined in the first segment might be adequately connected and used with regards to the customer named Peter, confronting challenges because of interpersonal clashes both at the work environment and at home (Benecke et al., 2016). The focal attributes of the psychoanalytic treatment in settling the dysfunctional behavior issues in customers have for some time been the subject of research for the examiners. Like whatever other systems and methodologies, it has additionally its points of interest and impediments. Be that as it may, the advantages obtained out of applying the psychoanalytic treatment is significant as it lays on certain built up mental hypotheses and standards. Individuals experiencing genuine mental issue and unsettling influences might be viably treated by ideals of this approach. Aside from psychological well-being issues, people who are looking for a general more noteworthy feeling of fulfillment and satisfaction in lives may increase out of this strategy (Sanville, 2013). The extensive variety of genuine mental issue might be dealt with utilizing this approach where side effects and misery levels might be reduced as per the intricate and profound established and frequently disregarded and le ss obvious shrouded passionate and relationship based issues. The method discovers its application in treating identity related issues, learning troubles, melancholies, school fears and different sorts of eating and dozing issue. The technique might be embraced independently or as a subordinate treatment to help them to better deal with their lives and prosperity (Summers, 2013). The shared comprehension and the part performed by the doctor is instrumental in representing the adequacy of the intercession achievable by method for issues distinguishing proof, making the customers mindful and aware of their issues lastly in extemporizing the reasonable treatment methodology subjected to fuse of unmistakable options and change procedures. Be that as it may, nearby the qualities of the treatment there are sure drawbacks to this treatment also that block the advance and recuperation of the customer at the appropriate time. The prime restrictions of the treatment have been identified as te dious and gigantic cost costs. The consumption acquired on the influenced individual as a major aspect of the treatment is for the most part more prominent because of continuation of the treatment for a more drawn out traverse of time. The money related weight on the influenced tolerant because of use of this treatment intercession is a noteworthy downside in this unique circumstance. The more prominent time utilization of the psychoanalytic treatment likewise remain in transit for the arrangement of reasonable and case suitable restorative suggestions in this way crushing the motivation behind the motivation behind the proposed technique for treatment. Another real concern in regards to the treatment is the absence of accord among the rehearsing instructors in regards to its adequacy. A considerable lot of the specialists contend in regards to the logical premise of the analysis treatment in this manner supporting for the less legitimacy and viability of the treatment. In this way in spite of the key commitments and related uses of the treatment, the concurrent confinements appear to terribly influence the performance use of the treatment in clinical practice. Inevitably the restrictions have encouraged the improvement of option and other reasonable models of psychotherapeutic systems that may offer answers for the particular psychological well-being difficulties of the customers (Vanolo, 2014). of the psychoanalytic treatment, different other option models and methodologies have been recommended. In this regard the coalition of the psychoanalytical treatment alongside another psychotherapeutic strategy comprising of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is prescribed (Leichsenring et al., 2013). CBT depends on the impression of contemplations, sentiments, feelings, physical sensations and also activities. A noteworthy highlight of the CBT approach is that it considers the current circumstance of the concerned individual as opposed to giving careful consideration to the issues from the past. The pragmatic ways looking for development of the perspective on normal premise is one of the goals of CBT. Tweak of the reasoning and conduct is the way to offer answers for issues identified with indications of tension and dejection. It is basically a talking treatment that might be consistently appended with psychoanalytic treatment to guarantee faster recuperation and powerful treatment methodology for the patients. Besides, CBT is additionally suggested in conditions where solution alone is not appropriate for treating the specific condition. A brief term and interim of the remedial sessions may be useful to manage the patient's condition (Poulsen et al., 2014). The exceptionally organized kind of CBT is reasonable for conveying in various configurations. The useful utility of CBT might be connected in every-day life too that settles on it the favored decision of restorative intercession. Normal CBT sessions are observed to be useful to handle particular difficulties concerning mental and intense subject matters(Olatunji et al., 2013). Thus, the viable amalgamation of two of the psychotherapeutic systems concerning CBT and psychoanalytical treatment will resolve the issues relating to the emotional sickness and related issue in the customer. In the given case circumstance of Peter, this community approach including CBT and psychoanalytic treatment in this manner might be prescribed to offer reprieve to mental aggravations in the patient References Benecke, C., Huber, D., Staats, H., Zimmermann, J., Henkel, M., Deserno, H., ... Schauenburg, H. (2016). A comparison of psychoanalytic therapy and cognitive behavioral therapy for anxiety (panic/agoraphobia) and personality disorders (APD study): presentation of the RCT study design.Zeitschrift fr Psychosomatische Medizin und Psychotherapie,62(3), 252-269. Drescher, J. (2014).Psychoanalytic therapy and the gay man. Routledge. Hall, H. K. (Ed.). (2013).Psychoanalytic therapy and behavior therapy: is integration possible?. Springer Science Business Media. Leichsenring, F., Salzer, S., Beutel, M. E., Herpertz, S., Hiller, W., Hoyer, J., ... Ritter, V. (2013). Psychodynamic therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in social anxiety disorder: a multicenter randomized controlled trial.American Journal of Psychiatry. Olatunji, B. O., Davis, M. L., Powers, M. B., Smits, J. A. (2013). Cognitive-behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder: a meta-analysis of treatment outcome and moderators.Journal of psychiatric research,47(1), 33-41. Peterfreund, E. (2016). The process of psychoanalytic therapy: Models and strategies. Poulsen, S., Lunn, S., Daniel, S. I., Folke, S., Mathiesen, B. B., Katznelson, H., Fairburn, C. G. (2014). A randomized controlled trial of psychoanalytic psychotherapy or cognitive-behavioral therapy for bulimia nervosa.American Journal of Psychiatry. Sanville, J. B. (2013).The playground of psychoanalytic therapy. Routledge. Summers, F. (2013).Transcending the self: An object relations model of psychoanalytic therapy. Routledge. Vanolo, A. (2014). Locating the couch: an autobiographical analysis of the multiple spatialities of psychoanalytic therapy.Social Cultural Geography,15(4), 368-384.